Anterior Cruciatum Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) surgery was used to treat ACL injuries and resulted in a recurrence rate of 94% due to the biomechanically repaired tissue being weaker than the original tissue. The ACL is innervated by posterior articular branches of the tibial nerve and is vascularized by branches of the middle genicular artery.Īnterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are becoming more prevalent in athletes.

The complex ultrastructural organization and abundant elastic system of the ACL allow it to withstand multiaxial stresses and varying tensile strains. The ACL has a microstructure of collagen bundles of multiple types (mostly type I) and a matrix made of a network of proteins, glycoproteins, elastic systems, and glycosaminoglycans with multiple functional interactions. They are not isometric with the main change being lengthening of the AMB and shortening of the PLB during flexion. There are two components of the ACL, the anteromedial bundle (AMB) and the posterolateral bundle (PLB). When the knee is extended, the ACL has a mean length of 32 mm and a width of 7-12 mm. The ACL is a key structure in the knee joint, as it resists anterior tibial translation and rotational loads. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a band of dense connective tissue which courses from the femur to the tibia.

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